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霍乱毒素(Cholera Toxins,CTX)产品专题

霍乱毒素(Cholera Toxins,CTX)

 

 

同义名:

Cholera enterotoxin; Choleragen; 霍乱肠毒素;霍乱肠菌素;

 

搜索关联词:

霍乱毒素(Cholera toxin); 霍乱类毒素Choleragenoid;霍乱毒素B亚基(CTB);霍乱毒素B亚单位;腺苷酸环化酶(Adenylate cyclase,AC);Forskolin 佛司可林;

 

基本介绍:

霍乱毒素(Cholera toxin,CTX)是霍乱弧菌产生的毒力因子,会引起严重腹泻以及人体脱水。CTX是一种分子量约84kDa的寡蛋白,包含一个A亚基以及包围在周围的5个B亚基构成。CTX是一种有效的腺苷酸环化酶(Adenylate cyclase,AC)活化剂,也是负责霍乱症状的病原物质。霍乱毒素B亚基(a.k.a. 霍乱类毒素choleragenoid)负责全毒素识别并结合到哺乳动物细胞表面的GM1神经节苷脂受体,促进A亚基进入细胞;A亚基承担ADP核糖转移酶(ADP-ribosyl-transferase)活性,此酶能下调Gs蛋白表达并活化AC酶,进而促进cAMP水平提高。A亚基还能ADP核糖基化视杆细胞外节膜盘的转运蛋白,使得GTPase失活。归因于GM1神经节苷脂受体普遍存在于真核细胞膜上,CTX用于各种各样的模型系统中活化腺苷酸环化酶(AC)。CTX还是一种的黏膜疫苗佐剂,通过抑制IL-12生产来诱导2型辅助性T细胞的免疫应答。

 

生理功能:

霍乱毒素(Cholera toxin,CTX)由霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae)代谢纯化所得,不仅在微生物学是一种强大的研究工具,还普遍用于生理学、细胞生物学和生物化学。常见应用如下:

1)因其对腺苷酸环化酶(AC)的效应,CTX通常用来研究信号转导机制。

2)CTX通过刺激B淋巴细胞活性用作一种佐剂;(与疫苗佐剂的开发有关,CTX有效调节哺乳动物细胞免疫系统,用作一种联合抗原共同注射的佐剂)

3)纯化的霍乱毒素B亚基(Cholera toxin B subunit)用于神经研究方面的神经示踪,利用其GM1 神经节苷脂结合和逆行转运特点。

 

基本参数:

1)CAS NO:9012-63-9

2)纯度:>95%(When examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a non-denaturing system run at alkaline pH, this protein migrates as a single major band. When examined on SDS-PAGE, all subunits, A, A1, A2, and B, are present. Densitometric analysis estimates the purity as >95%. The 280 to 260 nm ratio of absorbance (R280/260) is 2.

3)内毒素:~5 EU/mg (determined using a kinetic chromogenic LAL assay)

4)生物活性:Hemagglutination activity is assessed with trisialoganglioside fixed sheep red blood cells using a modification of the method described by Sato, et al. This lot met the specification of exhibiting hemagglutination activity at a toxin dilution ≤1.6µg/ml.

 

产品信息

List labs提供冻干粉形式的霍乱毒素(Cholera Toxin,CTX,CT)和霍乱毒素B亚基,所有产品经过内毒素去除和无菌处理。并经过严格的纯度和生物活性检测,是高质量的研究工具。部分现货供应,*,咨询maokangbio。

品牌

产品名称

货号       

规格       

List Biological

laboratories      

Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae

101B

1mg

Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

100B

1mg

Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae

103B

1mg

Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt  

104

0.5mg

 

延伸产品:部分现货供应,*,咨询maokangbio。

品牌

产品名称

货号         

规格         

List Biological

laboratories      

Cholera Toxin B Subunit (CTB) from Vibrio cholerae FITC, Conjugate     

106

0.2mg

Cholera Toxin B Subunit Biotin Conjugate

112

0.2mg

Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

703

0.1ml

【应用说明】:

1)霍乱毒素B亚基(CTB)偶联物用于轴浆运输和神经元连接研究中的组织化学标志物(histochemical markers)。

2)Goat Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid)适用于中和(Neutralization)和结合实验,或与未标记霍乱毒素B亚基联合的免疫组化研究。

 

引用文献【List Biological】

Wu J et al. Hydrogen postconditioning promotes survival of rat retinal ganglion cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Jan 22;495(4):2462-2468. PubMed ID: 29288664 [Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)density was counted using haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, retrograde labelling with cholera toxin beta (CTB) and TUNEL staining, respectively. List Biological Cholera Toxin B Subunit (CTB) from Vibrio cholerae FITC, Conjugate (#106)]

 

Aoki S et al. Multizonal Cerebellar Influence Over Sensorimotor Areas of the Rat Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex. 2017 Dec 29. PMID: 29300895 [Under visual guidance, viral solution containing the French subtype of CVS-11 strain of RABV (titrating 4 × 107 plaque-forming units/ml) in conjunction with cholera toxin β-subunit (CTb, low salt; List Biological Laboratories, 1% w/v in 0.2 M phosphate buffer. List Biological Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt (#104) ]

 

Dong L et al. Calcium channels are involved in EphB/ephrinB reverse signaling‑induced apoptosis in a rat chronic ocular hypertension model. Mol Med Rep. 2018 Feb;17(2):2465-2471. PMID: 29207174 [Retinal sections were then blocked for 2 h in 6% normal donkey serum, 1% bovine serum, and 0.2% Triton X-100, and dissolved in PBS at room temperature. Consequently, sections were incubated with the following primary antibodies at 4°C for 24 h: polyclonal rat anti-Cav3.1, anti-Cav3.2, (1:200 dilution; Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel), Goat anti-CTB (cat. no. 703; List Biological Laboratories)]

 

Konno K et al. Cell-type specific parallel circuits in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the cenral nucleus of the amygdala of the mouse. J Neurosci. 2014 May 28;34(22):7412-24. PMID: 24872547 [CTb Goat, antiserum 1:3000 choleragenoid Cat. #703, List Biological Laboritories]

 

Lu X et al. Effects of 1,25 and 24,25 Vitamin D on Corneal Epithelial Proliferation, Migration and Vitamin D Metabolizing and Catabolizing Enzymes. Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 5;7(1):16951.PMID: 29208972 [Each cornea was cut in half and placed in a 35 mm dish with the epithelial side up. After approximay 5 minutes in the laminar air-flow culture hood, the half corneal button attached itself to the bottom of the plate, and 1.5 mL of DMEM with 10% serum containing 40 μg/mL gentamicin, 1% ITS, and100 ng/mLcholera toxin(LIST Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA) were added and the tissue was placed in a humidified incubator at 37 °C with 5% CO2. Culture medium was replaced every 2 days.]

 

Bruxelle JF et al. Clostridium difficile flagellin FliC: Evaluation as adjuvant and use in a mucosal vaccine against Clostridium difficile. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 27;12(11):e0187212. PMID: 29176760 [Vaccination regimen with ovalbumin as antigen: Ovalbumine (OVA) is a commonly used antigen in order to assess adjuvant activity. In two distinct assays, a total of fourteen mice per group received inra-rectally (IR) 20μg of ovalbumin (ovalbumin grade VII, Sigma) with 7μg of adjuvant, either cholera toxin (CT) (List Biological Laboratories, INC)]

 

注意事项

1)本品仅用作科研研究,由专业的科学人士,并在正规的实验室内操作。绝不可用作其他用途(比如临床药物、兽药、诊断用途等)!!

2)为了您的安全和健康,请穿实验服并戴一次性手套操作。

  

 — —Written/Edited by V. Shallan【版权归MKBio懋康所有】

 

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